PESA/TESA

Understanding the Anatomy:

• Testicles: These male reproductive glands produce sperm.
• Epididymis: A coiled tube located above each testicle where sperm mature and are stored.

When are PESA/TESA Used?

These procedures are considered when there’s an obstruction preventing sperm from reaching the ejaculate or Congenital absence of epididymis/vas deferens. Reasons for blockages can include:

• Vasectomy (surgical sterilization)
• Infections
• Genetic abnormalities
• Undescended testicles

The Procedures:

Both PESA and TESA are performed on an outpatient basis under local anesthesia.

• PESA: A fine needle is inserted through the skin into the epididymis to aspirate sperm.
• TESA: A tiny needle or surgical instrument is used to extract sperm directly from the testicles.

Which Technique is Used?

The choice between PESA and TESA depends on the doctor’s assessment and the location of viable sperm. PESA is preferred if sperm are likely present in the epididymis, while TESA is used when sperm production might be happening within the testicles themselves.

Success Rates:

The success rate of retrieving sperm with PESA/TESA is generally high, though it can vary depending on the underlying cause of infertility. The retrieved sperm can then be used in ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection), a procedure where a single sperm is injected directly into an egg for fertilization.

Benefits of PESA/TESA:

• Minimally invasive procedures with minimal recovery time.
• Offer hope for couples facing azoospermia.
• Can be used with various assisted reproductive techniques.

Things to Consider:

• PESA/TESA are surgical procedures with potential risks, though minor.
• The presence of sperm doesn’t guarantee successful fertilization or pregnancy.
• These procedures might not be suitable for all cases of infertility.

Talking to Your Doctor:

If you’re facing male infertility due to azoospermia, discuss PESA/TESA with your doctor. They can assess your individual situation, explain the procedures in detail, and answer any questions you may have to help you make informed decisions about your fertility journey.